Phylum: Mollusca 軟體動物門
Class: Gastropods 腹足綱
Family: Bursidae 蛙螺科
Scientific name: Bursa bufonia
Chinese name: 蟾蜍蛙螺
Author: (Gmelin, 1791)
Size: 78.2x54mm
Description: Taken by scuba diving in 墾丁紅柴港, S. Taiwan
![](https://pic.pimg.tw/leechitse/1379005545-2841417813.jpg)
![](https://pic.pimg.tw/leechitse/1379005547-2843268335.jpg)
![](https://pic.pimg.tw/leechitse/1379005548-4073518121.jpg)
Phylum: Mollusca 軟體動物門
Class: Gastropods 腹足綱
Family: Bursidae 蛙螺科
Scientific name: Bursa bufonia
Chinese name: 蟾蜍蛙螺
Author: (Gmelin, 1791)
Size: 78.2x54mm
Description: Taken by scuba diving in 墾丁紅柴港, S. Taiwan
Phylum: Mollusca 軟體動物門
Class: Gastropods 腹足綱
Family: Conidae 芋螺科
Scientific name: Conus coronatus
Chinese name: 花冠芋螺
Author: Gmelin, 1791
Size: 19.9x13mm
Description: Taken by scuba diving in 墾丁紅柴港, S. Taiwan
Phylum: Mollusca 軟體動物門
Class: Gastropods 腹足綱
Family: Conidae 芋螺科
Scientific name: Conus musicus
Chinese name: 樂譜芋螺
Author: Hwass, 1792
Size: 10.5x6mm
Description: Taken by scuba diving in 墾丁紅柴港, S. Taiwan
Index of My Yahoo blog
============================================
molluskonline (My Shell Website, 我的貝殼收集展示網站)
Gastropods腹足綱 Bivalves雙殼綱 Cephalopoda頭足綱
Polyplacophora多板綱 Scaphopoda掘足綱
============================================
§ Mollusca(軟體動物門) –
Landsnails 蝸牛 Taiwan Landsnails 台灣本土蝸牛
============================================ § Echinodermata(棘皮動物門) Asteroidea 海星綱 Ophiuroidea蛇尾綱 Crinoidea海百合綱 Echinoidea海膽綱 Regular echinoids Irregular echinoids Echinodermata Ecological Fauna ============================================ § Arthropoda 節肢動物門 Malacostraca ============================================ § Chordata 脊索動物門 Actinopterygii ============================================ § Cnidaria 刺胞動物門 ============================================ § Annelida 環節動物門 Polychaeta ============================================ ============================================ § 皮膚病相片館 皮膚感染-侵染
(正形海膽) (歪形海膽)
棘皮動物生態記錄
軟甲綱(螃蟹、蝦類)
輻鰭魚綱(魚類)
多毛綱
Irregular echinoids (1) – Index of my collection
§ Apatopygidae
Apatopygus recens:29.30
§ Arachnoididae 蛛網海膽科
Arachnoides placenta 扁平蛛網海膽:61 61x8 67.8
§ Asterostomatidae 星口海膽科
Eurypatagus ovalis:73.8 82 87.6
Heterobrissus niasicus:101 121
§ Astriclypeidae 星楯海膽科
Echinodiscus auritus 裂邊毛餅海膽:85.73 157
§ Brissopsidae 沐海壺科
Brissopsis luzonica 呂宋沐海壺:25.8
§ Brissidae 壺海膽科
Brissidae壺海膽科中Brissus、Meoma、Metalia的差異說明
Brissus latecarinatus 脊背壺海膽:23 38.7
Brissus unicolor:45.03
Eupatagus lymani:51.2
Eupatagus rubellus:41.6
Metalia spatagus 心形海壺:70(w/s test) 119 133.5(test w/s)
Metalia sternalis 胸板海壺:103.1(w/s test)
§ Clypeasteridae 楯海膽科
Clypeaster europacificus:177.09
Clypeaster humilis 修姆楯海膽:52 84 119
Clypeaster japonicus cf. 日本盾形海膽:58 59 64
Clypeaster latissimus:177.95
Clypeaster reticulatus 網楯海膽:32 53
Clypeaster sp. :18 18.3 25 49 51 53 58
Clypeaster subdepressus:162.68 165.86
Clypeaster virescens 綠楯海膽:51 52 54 55 102.6 116.1
§ Corystusidae
Corystus relictus:68
§ Dendrasteridae 樹星海膽科
Dendraster excentricus:62.5 62.7 72 83.35
§ Echinarachniidae 棘蛛網海膽科
Echinarachnius parma:38.37 47.8 52.9
§ Echinolampadidae 棘燈形海膽科
Conolampas diomedeae:92
§ Echinoneidae 斜海膽科
Echinoneus cyclostomus 卵圓斜海膽:17.7
§ Fibulariidae 豆海膽科
Echinocyamus crispus:5
Echinocyamus megapetalus:5 5.2
Echinocyamus pusillus:3.3 6.5 30x
Fibularia cribellum:4
Fibularia sp.:4
Fibulariella acuta 尖豆海膽:6
Fibulariella angulipora:5.6 7.2
Phylum: Echinodermata 棘皮動物門
Class: Echinoidea 海膽綱
Family: Clypeasteridae 楯海膽科
Scientific name: Clypeaster virescens
Chinese name: 綠楯海膽
Author: Doderlein, 1885
Size: 52 x47x 11mm
Description: Sea Urchin, test diameter: 52x47x 11mm , taken in Balicasag Island , Cebu , Philippines .
Clypeaster virescens, 綠楯海膽 , Aboral view(反口面).
Clypeaster virescens, 綠楯海膽 , Petaloid area (瓣狀區域)
Clypeaster virescens, 綠楯海膽 , Apical system (頂系)
Clypeaster virescens, 綠楯海膽 , Oral view(口面).
Clypeaster virescens, 綠楯海膽 , Peristome (口圍)
Clypeaster virescens, 綠楯海膽 , Periproct (肛圍)
Clypeaster virescens, 綠楯海膽 , Lt. lateral aboral view(左側反口面).
Clypeaster virescens, 綠楯海膽 , Lt. lateral view(左側面).
Clypeaster virescens, 綠楯海膽 , Lt. lateral oral view(左側口面).
Laganum的特徴為有5個生殖孔、溝狀水管孔,
而Peronella有4個生殖孔、水管孔散佈於篩板。
不過英國Natural history museum 的A.B. Smith卻有另一種見解,將餅乾海膽科分為Neolaganinae 與Laganinae兩個亞科,其下各有幾個屬:
壹、Subfamily Neolaganinae:共分8屬,不過皆屬化石級之物。
貳、Subfamily Laganinae:共分6屬,其鑑別流程如下:
Sismondia:殼體內部的拱壁包含幅狀物與外側分支。
以下5個屬其殼體內部的拱壁較複雜,
再以生殖孔數目為4個或5個,分為兩大群。
(壹)5個生殖孔,水管孔呈溝狀:
Laganum:5個生殖孔,肛圍位於口圍與後緣之中點。
L. laganum (Leske 1778); Recent, Indo-Pacific. L. centrale H. L. Clark, 1925; Recent, Tongatabu
Hupea:5個生殖孔,肛圍接近後緣,瓣帶(petals)不超過其半徑的1/2。
H. decagonale
Jacksonaster:5個生殖孔,肛圍接近後緣,瓣帶(petals)超過其半徑的1/2。
J. depressum (Agassiz, 1841); Upper Miocene-Recent, Indo-West Pacific. J. fudsiyama (Doderlein, 1885); Miocene- Recent, Indo West Pacific. J. pachycraspedum Nisiyama, 1968; Miocene, Japan.
(貳)4個生殖孔,水管孔散佈於篩板上:
Peronella:4個生殖孔,肛圍被基冕(basicorona)後第一、二間步帶板包圍。
P. peronii L. Agassiz, 1841; Recent, Australia. P. macroproctes Koehler, 1922; Recent, Indian Ocean. ?P. kamimura Cooke, 1954; Pliocene, Okinawa Islands.
Rumphia:4個生殖孔,肛圍位於基冕(basicorona)後第一、二間步帶板之後。
R. lesueuri (Agassiz, 1841); Upper Miocene to Recent, Indo-Pacific. R. ova (McNamara 1996); Pliocene, Western Australia. R. ricta (Gregory, 1892); Pleistocene, Western Australia. R. orbicularis (Leske, 1778); Pleistocene to Recent, Western Australia. R. pellucida (Doderlein, 1885), Pleistocene-Recent, Japan. R. hinemoae (Mortensen, 1948); Recent, New Zealand. R. japonica (Mortensen, 1948); Pleistocene-Recent, Japan. R. keinsis (Mortensen, 1948); Recent, Kei Islands. R. affinis (McClelland, 1840); Recent; Indian Ocean.
雖然每個人都有一支喇叭,各吹各的調,但新的見解不失為另一分類學上的思考方向,僅提出供參考。此外,當你收集同科的海膽越多,則你會發現有許多的標本是介於其間的,很難去分辨其品種而很困擾,更何況也許有些小的標本更是難以辨識出種類,但那也是有趣之處。
之所以對餅乾海膽科的重新檢視,是因為近日都在整頓手上此科的標本後產生的迷惑,所以想釐清對此科物種的混亂不清的認知與一些看法,因此經過這次對餅乾海膽科的整理後,相信對前些日子所po上的餅乾海膽科標本勢必有一番大修訂了。。
Phylum: Echinodermata 棘皮動物門
Class: Echinoidea 海膽綱
Family: Laganidae 餅乾海膽科
Scientific name: Laganum sp.
Chinese name:
Author:
Size: 39x35x7mm
Description: Sea Urchin, test diameter: 39mm, taken in Balicasag Island, Cebu, Philippines.
Laganum sp. , Aboral view(反口面).
Laganum sp. , Petaloid area (瓣狀區域)
Laganum sp. , Apical system (頂系)
Laganum sp. , Oral view(口面).
Laganum sp. , Peristome (口圍)
Laganum sp. , Periproct (肛圍)
Laganum sp. , Lt. lateral aboral view(左側反口面).
Laganum sp. , Lt. lateral view(左側面).
Laganum sp. , Lt. lateral oral view(左側口面).
Phylum: Echinodermata 棘皮動物門
Class: Echinoidea 海膽綱
Family: Diadematidae 冠海膽科
Scientific name: Diadema savignyi
Chinese name: 沙氏冠海膽
Author: Michelin, 1845
Size: 26x12.8mm
Description: Sea Urchin, test diameter: 26 mm , taken in Balicasag Island , Cebu , Philippines .
Diadema savignyi, 沙氏冠海膽, Aboral view(反口面).
Diadema savignyi, 沙氏冠海膽, Oral view(口面).
Diadema savignyi, 沙氏冠海膽, Lateral view of interambulacra area.
Diadema savignyi, 沙氏冠海膽, Lateral view of Ambulacra area.
Diadema savignyi, 沙氏冠海膽, Apical system (頂系)
Diadema savignyi, 沙氏冠海膽, Peristome (口圍)
Diadema savignyi, 沙氏冠海膽, Primary spines
Phylum: Echinodermata 棘皮動物門
Class: Echinoidea 海膽綱
Family: Cidaridae 頭帕海膽科
Scientific name: Prionocidaris pistillaris
Chinese name:
Author: Lamarck, 1816
Size: 15x9.5mm
Description: Sea Urchin, test diameter: 15x 9.5mm , taken in Balicasag Island , Cebu , Philippines .